This is the central site for a long-term project to research, examine, and respond to the radical collective of writers, theorists, architects, and visual artists who operated in Paris between 1829 and 1835 under the names of the Jeunes France & the Bouzingo, and through them to build a critical understanding of French Romanticist subculture through the historical lens of a continuing politically vigilant Anglophone avant-garde.

Théodore de Banville


Banville was a central node of the second-generation Avant-Garde network, the Parnassians in particular. He was a close friend of Gautier, Nerval, and other older Romanticists, as well as his own younger generation including Baudelaire, Nadar, Mallarmé, Mendés, and many others, especially the Romanticist historians/archivists Champfleury and Charles Asselineau. Along with the latter two, he was at the forefront of the community's historiographic efforts

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